Timescale of Turkey - chronology
Seljuqs
| 1071 | Battle in Malazgirt. Victory about the Byzantine emperor of the Seljuk Arp Arslan. Beginning of the islamization of Anatolia. |
| 13th Cent. | climax of the Rumseljuq sultanate |
Ottoman empire
| 1326 | Death of Osman Gazi, founder of the Ottoman empire |
| 1453 | capture of Constantinople |
| 1516 | Conquest of Syria and Egypt (takeover of the caliphate ...) |
| 1529 | Siege of Vienna |
| 1683 | Defeat with the 2nd siege of Vienna |
| 1839 | Editkt of Gülhane. Reform time, beginning of the Tanzimats |
| 1876 | Announcement of a constitution according to Midhat Pasas |
| 1877 | Election of the first Ottoman parliament (1878 the parliament was dissolved again) |
Dolmabace palace in Istanbul
| 1908 | New Turkish revolution and beginning of the second constitutional period |
| 1911 | Italian-Turkish war |
| 1912 | 1st Balkan war - Albania is relieved |
| 1913 | 2nd Balkan war |
| 1914 | War entry of Turkey alongside the Central Powers |
| 1915 | Beginning of the Armenian deportation |
| 1918 | Armistice from Mudros (30.10.), Kemal Pascha receives supreme command on the army group Yildrim from Liman von Sanders |
| 1919 | Greeks are landing in Izmir, Atatürk intervenes in Anatolia, congresses of Erzurum and Sivas |
| 1920 | Istanbul is taken by the English (16.3.), big Turkish national assembly in Ankara on 23.4., Paris menace with the entire subdivision of Turkey (10th August). Turkish-Armenian peace treaty of Gümrü |
| 1921 | Victory of Turkish troops over the Greeks in Iönü (10.1.), people as a bearer of the sovereignty |
| 1922 | Izmir are relieved by the Turkish army (9.9.). Armistice between Greece and Turkey on 11.10. in Mudanya. Abolition of the sultanate by the National Assembly on 01.11.The successor to the throne named Abdülmecid is chosen to caliph on 18.11. |
| 1923 | Peace of Lausanne, definition of the borders of Turkey, guarantee of minority rights for Armenians, Greeks and Jews (24.7.) Ankara becomes capital city on 13.10. |
The first republic of Turkey
| 1923 | Mustafa Kemal becomes president of Turkey (29.10.), at the same time proclamation of the republic (cumhuriyet) |
| 1924 | Abolition of the caliphate and expulsion of the dynasty of Osman (03.03.), adoption of resolutions about the first Turkish national constitution by the big national assembly (20th of April). Abolition of the “Scheriat courts” (1st of May) |
| 1925 | Ban of traditional headgears and Kurdish uprising |
| 1926 | Introduction of the civil code according to the model of Switzerland (4.10.) The criminal law is leant in the Italian criminal law. There is the civil marriage from the 01.09. |
| 1927 | First census, 14 million inhabitants |
| 1928 | Cancelation of Islam from the constitution - introduction of the Latin-Turkish alphabet |
| 1929 | Abolition of Persian and Arabian lessons in secondary schools |
| 1930 | Female franchise (municipal), from 1934 on also nationwide |
| 1931 | Kemalism: republicanly, nationalistically, populistly, etatisticly, laically and reformistly |
| 1934 | Introduction of family names |
| 1935 | Foundation of the university of Ankara |
| 1936 | Montreux Convention Regarding the Regime of the Turkish Straits |
| 1938 | Annexation of Iskenderun and death of Atatürk on 10.11. |
| 1941 | Friendship treaty Germany-Turkey |
| 1943 | Twenty years of Turkey: 80% of all city children and 20% of all village children are visiting the school |
| 1944 | Discontinuation of relations with Germany |
| 1945 | Declaration of war towards Germany and Japan shortly before end of 2nd world war |
| 1946 | Two-party system in Turkey |
| 1949 | Turkey joins the Council of Europe |
| 1950 | The democratic party wins the election (Menderes becomes Prime Minister until 1960) |
| 1952 | Accession of Turkey to the NATO |
| 1953 | Transfer of Atatürk to the mausoleum in Ankara |
| 1955 | Cyprus crisis, anti-Greek riots in Istanbul |
| 1959 | Turkey becomes an associated member of the European trading partnership |
| 1960 | State of emergency in Turkey after massive protests. Officer's putsch on the 27th May, military government under general Gürsel from the 30th of May |
The second republic of Turkey
| 1961 | Referendum on the new constitution (9th of July). Death sentences for the former Prime Minister Bayar, Menderes and two other ministers. |
| 1963 | Association agreements with the EC |
| 1965 | Election victory of the justice party under Demirel |
| 1969 | Renewed election victory of the justice party |
| 1971 | Enforced resignation of the government by the military guidance, state of emergency in 1971 |
| 1974 | Turkish troops reach Cyprus |
| 1975 | Government of the national front under Demirel |
| 1978 | Excesses in Maras, numerous alevite victims |
| 1980 | Crisis year - civil-war-situation and numerous political murders, intervention of the military government under Evren |
| 1981 | Dissolution of all political parties, conscription of a consultative meeting |
The third republic of Turkey
| 1982 | Constitutional referendum |
| 1983 | Özal founds the motherland party, he wins the election with 45% with his party |
| 1984 | Beginning of the PKK assaults in the east of Turkey |
| 1985 | Setting-up of other left-wing parties |
| 1987 | Turkey puts application for full membership of the EU, return permission of the "old" politician of the second republic (Ecevit, Demirel, Türkes, Erbakan) |
| 1989 | Reelection of Turgut Özal |
| 1991 | Abolition of the law against language ban (directed against Kurds) new government under Demirel |
| 1992 | Atatürk dam is initiated, meetings of the Turkish world |
| 1993 | President Özal dies - Demirel the successor Assault in a hotel in Sivas, 37 person are dead. The assault is directed against critical poets and artists. |
| 1994 | Abolition of the immunity of seven Kurdish representatives, free goods traffic between Turkey and Germany by an agreement |
| 1995 | Islamic Welfare Party wins 20% of the voices. Alliance with Tansu Ciller, with the party of the right way |
| 1996 | Concerning the custom union, the EU provides 350 millions (ECU) |
| 1997 | The security council decides a package of measures to control Islamic groups. |
| 1998 | Downfall of the government of Yilmaz in November |
| 1999 | Seizure of PKK leader Öcalan in Kenya and delivery to Turkey (since then on the prison island Imrali/Marmara Sea) 57th government under Bülent Ecevit (DSP) with coalition partners MHP and ANAP Two disastrous earthquakes in the Marmara area and in west Turkey Turkey becomes an EU-entry candidate (HE Helsinki) |
| 2000 | Ahmet Necdet Sezer becomes 10th president of Turkey |
| 2001 | Outbreak of a heavy government crisis, finance crisis and economic crisis, "Black Wednesday" Constitutional court forbids the Islamic Fazilet party. Their representatives are founding the Saadet party under Kutan on 20th of July, the reform wing is founding the AKP under Erdogan on 13th of August |
| 2002 | The conservative-islamic AKP arises with absolute majority of the seats in elections brought forward. The only opposition party in the parliament is the social-democratic CHP. 58th government under Abdullah Gül receives the trust of the parliament. |
| 2003 | 4th, 5th, 6th, and 7th reform packages Parliament rejects a government bill on stationing and transit rights for US troops against Iraq unexpectedly. Turkey grants overflight rights on March, 20th. |
| 2004 | Historical state visit of the Syrian president Assad Official visit of the German Federal Chancellor Schröder in Turkey Turkish parliament dismisses comprehensive criminal law reform The European council decides to take up the EU negotiations of accession on October, 3rd |
(Source: different historical atlases, under it also the DTV atlas on history)